Physical Transformation of Rumoh Aceh as a Response to Climate Change in Lubok Sukon Village, Aceh Besar

Abstract

Rumoh Aceh is a vernacular architectural tradition designed to respond effectively to tropical climatic conditions through its stilt-house construction, the use of locally sourced organic materials, and a cross-ventilation system. However, increasing climate change pressures have contributed to physical transformations in this traditional dwelling. This study aims to identify whether the physical modifications observed in Rumoh Aceh houses in Lubok Sukon Village, Aceh Besar, constitute responses to climate change and to determine which building elements have undergone transformation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing field observations, in-depth interviews with eight homeowners, and photographic documentation. Seven building elements were examined based on changes in form, material, and color. The findings indicate that the primary structural components, including the foundation, columns, and beams, exhibit high resilience, with only minor modifications in the form of repainting. The most substantial material transformations were identified in the roof covering, where seven of the eight houses replaced traditional thatched nipa-palm roofing with corrugated metal sheets due to leakage during periods of heavy rainfall. In addition, all floor surfaces were replaced with ceramic tiles or cement finishes. Although the roof replacement successfully mitigated leakage problems, it significantly increased indoor temperatures and diminished the building’s natural ventilation performance. This study concludes that material transformations implemented without consideration of local wisdom and traditional climatic adaptation strategies may create dwellings that are ultimately more vulnerable to broader climate-related challenges.